Originals stay untouchedMDF, NDF, LDF and EDB files, logs included, get a forensic image before any utility starts. Repair operations write, and write plenty. Copies are what let a bad decision be undone.
The last-resort switchREPAIR_ALLOW_DATA_LOSS gets you a clean database by removing everything it cannot make sense of. Microsoft put the warning in the name. On this bench it is the last thing tried, never the first, and only on a copy.
Look at an EDB before you cutReading an EDB header alters nothing, and it settles the questions that matter: how the store came down, which logs are outstanding, how far the damage reaches. A hard repair settles none of them. It discards what it cannot parse and leaves you with migration work.
The disks usually explain itPlenty of what gets called ‘database corruption’ started as something the storage did: a drive falling out of an array, power cut off mid-write, a snapshot caught at a bad moment. Mend the file, leave the disk alone, and the damage comes straight back — which is why the server page sits alongside this one.